پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

نقش سیمجوریان در زوال و سقوط حکومت سامانی با تکیه‌بر مقام سپهسالاری و اقطاع قهستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشیار تاریخ، عضو هیات علمی گروه تاریخ دانشگاه سیستان بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری تاریخ ایران دوره اسلامی، گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه خوارزمی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
خاندان سیمجوریان در زوال و تضعیف سامانیان نقش عمده‌ای ایفا کردند. مقام سپهسالاری و اقطاع قهستان برای سیمجوریان که غلامان ترک دربار سامانی بودند ابزاری بود که آنان را قادر نمود، زمینه‌های زوال و تضعیف سامانیان را فراهم آورند. از ابتدای قدرت گیری سامانیان، سیمجوریان علاوه بر مقام سپهسالاری توانستند حاکمیت بر قهستان را به دست آورده و تا پایان حکومت سامانی و حتی اوایل دوره غزنوی همچنان نگهدارند. ابوالحسن سیمجوری نزدیک به سی سال در حکومت سامانی، سپه‌سالار خراسان بود. فرزندش ابوعلی بر خودمختاری خود افزود و تضعیف سامانیان را افزایش داد. در اواخر دولت سامانیان ضعف به‌تمامی ارکان و حکام سامانی مسلط شد و خراسان در آشوب و هرج‌ومرج شد. خاندان سیمجوری نیز بر اقطاع خود قهستان مسلط و نقش مهمی در دوران زوال سامانیان در جهت نابودی آنان ایفا نمودند. این مقاله با روش کتابخانه‌ای تدوین‌یافته به تحلیلی نقش خاندان سیمجوریان در زوال سامانیان می‌پردازد. دستاورد تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که گرایش سیمجوریان به مشارکت در حکومت و تکیه‌بر اقطاع نسبتاً گسترده قهستان مانع از تمرکز قدرت برای سامانیان شد و یکی از عوامل اصلی سقوط این سلسله را فراهم ساخت.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The Role of the Simjurids in the Decline and Fall of the Samanid Dynasty, with an Emphasis on the Office of Sepahsālārī and the Iqtāʿ of Quhestan

نویسندگان English

Kourosh Salehi 1
Zahra Jafarnjad Geru 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Candidate in History of Islamic Iran, Department of History, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

The Simjurid dynasty played a major role in the decline and weakening of the Samanids. The position of sipahsalar (commander-in-chief) and the iqta' (fief) of Quhistan served as instruments for the Simjurids—who were Turkish ghulams (slave-soldiers) of the Samanid court—enabling them to pave the way for the decline and weakening of the Samanids. From the outset of the Samanids' rise to power, the Simjurids, in addition to holding the position of sipahsalar, managed to gain control over Quhistan and maintained it until the end of Samanid rule and even into the early Ghaznavid period. Abu al-Hasan Simjuri served as sipahsalar of Khurasan for nearly thirty years under Samanid rule. His son, Abu Ali, further increased his autonomy and accelerated the weakening of the Samanids. In the late Samanid state, weakness pervaded all pillars and governors of the Samanid administration, and Khurasan fell into chaos and disorder. The Simjurid dynasty also dominated its iqta' of Quhistan and played a significant role during the decline of the Samanids, contributing to their destruction. This article, compiled using a library-based method, analyzes the role of the Simjurid dynasty in the decline of the Samanids. The findings of the research indicate that the Simjurids' inclination to participate in governance and their reliance on the relatively extensive iqta' of Quhistan prevented the concentration of power for the Samanids and constituted one of the main factors leading to the fall of this dynasty.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Khurasan
Simjurids
Quhistan
Jayhani
Samanids
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  • تاریخ دریافت 17 آذر 1403
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