پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

بررسی خانۀ تاریخی سوهانگر و هم­سنجی نقش­مایه­های دیواری به‌جامانده در آن و خانۀ تاریخی بلخاسب در مشهد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
ابوالقاسم دادور 1
لیلا غنی زاده 2
1 استاد، گروه پژوهش هنر، دانشکده هنر، دانشگاه الزهرا(س)، تهران، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه هنر، مؤسسه آموزش عالی فردوس، مشهد، ایران
10.22034/jgk.2026.445772.1191
چکیده
ساختمان­های تاریخی هر منطقه پیوندی ملموس با گذشتۀ انسان­های آن منطقه دارند و شاهدی بر استعدادِ معماری و میراث فرهنگی دوران‌های گذشته هستند. در این بین، مشهد به‌عنوان شهری تاریخی و مذهبی همواره از کلان‌شهرهای پرجمعیت ایران بوده و خانه‌سازی در آن رونق داشته است. در دورۀ قاجار، معماری در ایران دچار تحولات منحصربه‌فردی شد که نتیجۀ تأثیرات و نفوذ فرهنگ غرب بود. خانۀ تاریخی سوهانگر در مشهد و اطراف حرم مطهر رضوی ازجمله خانه­های باقی­مانده از اواخر دورۀ قاجار و دارای ویژگی­های معماری و تزئیناتی این دوره است. پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد تاریخی و شیوۀ توصیفی -تحلیلی با استناد به منابع کتابخانه­ای و مطالعات میدانی به دنبال الگوها و مؤلفه­های عناصر معماری و تزئینی در خانۀ تاریخی سوهانگر و میزان تأثیرپذیری آن از غرب است. در این بین، نقاشی دیواری بنا به سبب موضوع و اندازه حائز اهمیت است. نگارندگان قصد دارند ضمن معرفی بنای فوق، تأثیر فرهنگ غرب را بر نمونۀ موردی که متعلق به شهروندی عادی است را بررسی و عناصر سنتی و مدرن در تزئینات و معماری را ارزیابی و شناسایی کنند. درنهایت، نقاشی دیواری بنا را با نمونۀ مشابه (خانۀ تاریخی بلخاسب) از حیث موضوع مقایسه نمایند. اهمیت پژوهش حاضر از آن جهت است که بنای مذکور تاکنون مورد ارزیابی و مطالعه قرار نگرفته است. همچنین، نقاشی دیواری­های خانۀ تاریخی بلخاست نیز برای نخستین‌بار معرفی و ارزیابی می­شوند. یافته­­های پژوهش حاضر نشان می­دهد نفوذ غرب باعث پیدایش عناصر و آرایه­های فرنگی در بافت خانۀ تاریخی سوهانگر شده است، اما در مصالح همچنان شاهد بهره­مندی از الگوهای سنتی هستیم. نقاشی دیواری بنا کاملاً تحت تأثیر غرب و مناظر غربی است و هیچ نشانه­ای از عناصر ایرانی در آن مشاهده نمی‌شود. در مقایسه، نقاشی­های خانۀ تاریخی بلخاسب باوجود تأثیر­پذیری از عناصر غربی، به برخی مناظر و عناصر ایرانی وفادار بوده تا جایی که حتی ردپای نقاشی دیواری باستانی ایران در آن قابل بررسی است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
دورۀ قاجار
تزئینات معماری
نقاشی دیواری
خانۀ تاریخی سوهانگر
خانۀ تاریخی بلخاسب
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

A study of the historical house of Sohangar and comparing the wall motifs with the ones left in it and the historic house of Balkhaseb in Mashhad

نویسندگان English

Abolghasem Dadvar 1
Leila Ghanizadeh 2
1 rofessor, Deparetment of Art Research, Facuity of Art, Alzahra, Tehran, Iran
2 PhD Candidate, Department of Art, Ferdows Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

The historical buildings of any region have a tangible connection to the past of its people and bear witness to the architectural talent and cultural heritage of bygone eras. Among these, Mashhad, as a historical and religious city, has always been one of Iran's populous metropolises, where house-building has flourished. During the Qajar period, architecture in Iran underwent unique transformations resulting from the influence of Western culture. The historic Sohangar House in Mashhad, located around the holy Razavi Shrine, is one of the remaining houses from the late Qajar period and possesses the architectural and decorative characteristics of this era. The present research, with a historical approach and a descriptive-analytical method, drawing on library sources and field studies, seeks to identify the patterns and components of architectural and decorative elements in the historic Sohangar House and the extent of Western influence on it. Among these elements, the mural painting in the building is significant due to its subject and size. The authors intend to introduce the aforementioned building, examine the influence of Western culture on this specific case study—which belonged to an ordinary citizen—and identify and evaluate the traditional and modern elements in its decorations and architecture. Finally, they will compare the building's mural with a similar example (the historic Balkhasab House) in terms of subject matter. The significance of this research lies in the fact that this building has not been previously evaluated or studied. Furthermore, the mural paintings of the historic Balkhasab House are being introduced and assessed for the first time. The findings of this research indicate that Western influence led to the emergence of European elements and motifs in the fabric of the historic Sohangar House, although traditional patterns are still evident in the construction materials. The building's mural is completely influenced by the West and Western landscapes, with no trace of Iranian elements observable in it. In comparison, the paintings in the historic Balkhasab House, despite being influenced by Western elements, remain faithful to some Iranian landscapes and motifs, to the extent that traces of ancient Iranian mural painting can even be examined in them.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Qajar era
architectural decorations
wall painting
Sohangar historical house
Balkhasab historical house
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  • تاریخ دریافت 12 اسفند 1402
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