پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

بررسی تأثیر مساحت و تناسبات فضای باز مساجد سنتی خراسان بزرگ در ایجاد آسایش حرارتی (جهت ارائه الگوی بهینه مساجد معاصر)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار معماری، عضو هیئت علمی گروه معماری موسسه آموزش عالی خراسان، مشهد ایران
2 دانش آموخته کارشناس ارشد معماری اسلامی، دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام رضا (ع)، مشهد، ایران
3 دانشیار معماری، عضو هیئت علمی گروه معماری دانشگاه علم و صنعت، تهران، ایران
4 مربی، عضو هیئت علمی گروه معماری موسسه آموزش عالی خراسان، مشهد ایران
10.22034/jgk.2026.456529.1201
چکیده
آسایش حرارتی در فضای باز، معیاری مهم برای ارزیابی کیفیت محیط‌های دارای فعالیت در فضای باز است و همواره مورد توجه معماران بوده است. توجه به اقلیم، شرط لازم برای دستیابی به این آسایش است؛ امری که در بناهای سنتی ایران به‌وضوح مشاهده می‌شود. در این میان، مساجد سنتی به سبب اهمیت مذهبی و استفادۀ مداوم از فضای باز خود، اهمیت بیشتری داشته‌اند و معماران آن‌ها بهترین پاسخ اقلیمی را برای تحقق آسایش حرارتی ارائه داده‌اند. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تناسبات ارتفاع به عرض و مساحت بهینۀ فضای باز مساجد سنتی خراسان بزرگ و سپس ارائۀ الگویی بهینه برای مساجد معاصر این منطقه بوده است. محدودۀ پژوهش، خراسان بزرگ (فارغ از مرزبندی‌های سیاسی امروز) است و چهار پهنۀ اقلیمی مختلف شامل شهرهای قوچان، مشهد، سبزوار و طبس به‌عنوان نمونۀ موردی انتخاب شده‌اند. در این پژوهش، تأثیر تناسبات ارتفاع به عرض و مساحت فضای باز بر آسایش حرارتی، به‌طور خاص در وقت نماز ظهر فصل تابستان بررسی شده است. پس از مطالعۀ کیفی ادبیات و مبانی نظری، آسایش حرارتی در فضای باز محصور، به‌صورت عددی با شبیه‌سازی در نرم‌افزار ENVI-met 4 و تحلیل نتایج در Leonardo بر مبنای شاخص PMV ارزیابی گردید. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که درصد بهینۀ صحن در هر چهار پهنۀ اقلیمی ۴۰ درصد است. همچنین تناسبات بهینه عبارت‌اند از: در قوچان، H'/W = 1، H = 8، H' = 10 و H/W = 0.8؛ و در شهرهای مشهد، سبزوار و طبس، H = H' = 14، H/W = 1.4 و H'/W' = 1.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the Effect of the Area and Proportions of Open Spaces in Traditional Mosques of Greater Khorasan on Thermal Comfort (To Provide an Optimal Model for Contemporary Mosques)

نویسندگان English

mahbubeh Zamani 1
mahsa musavi 2
mehdi hamzenezhad 3
faramarz fadae 4
1 Assistant Professor of Architecture, Faculty Member of the Department of Architecture, Khorasan Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
2 M.A. Graduate of Islamic Architecture, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
3 Associate Professor of Architecture, Faculty Member of the Department of Architecture, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
4 Instructor, Faculty Member of the Department of Architecture, Khorasan Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Thermal comfort in outdoor spaces is a crucial criterion for evaluating the quality of environments with outdoor activities, and it has consistently been a focus of architectural attention throughout history. Achieving thermal comfort necessitates careful consideration of climate, a principle clearly evident in traditional Iranian buildings. Among these, traditional mosques hold particular significance due to their religious importance and the continuous use of their open spaces; their architects provided optimal climatic responses to ensure thermal comfort. The aim of this study was to investigate the optimal height-to-width (H/W) ratios and courtyard area in the open spaces of traditional mosques in Greater Khorasan and, based on the findings, to propose an optimal design model for contemporary mosques in this region. The study area encompasses Greater Khorasan, irrespective of current political boundaries, and includes four distinct climatic zones, with the cities of Quchan, Mashhad, Sabzevar, and Tabas selected as case studies. The research specifically examined the impact of H/W ratios and courtyard area on thermal comfort during the noon prayer in the summer season. Following a qualitative review of the literature and theoretical foundations, outdoor thermal comfort in the enclosed courtyard spaces was numerically analyzed through simulation using ENVI-met 4 software, and the results were processed and evaluated in Leonardo based on the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) index. The findings indicate that the optimal courtyard proportion is 40% of the total site area across all four climatic zones. The optimal proportions were determined as follows: for Quchan, H'/W = 1, H = 8, H' = 10, and H/W = 0.8; and for Mashhad, Sabzevar, and Tabas, H = H' = 14, H/W = 1.4, and H'/W' = 1.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Open space pattern
traditional mosques
Greater Khorasan
thermal comfort
ENVI-met 4
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