شاهزاده پَرسواَ در قلمرو بلخ (برقراری یک ارتباط میان شاهان اساطیری پارس، شواهد باستان‌شناسی فرهنگ یاز و محتوای متون آشوری)

فیروزی, سورنا; مهرآفرین, رضا; موسوی حاجی, سیدرسول

doi:10.22034/jgk.2023.342276.1051

شاهزاده پَرسواَ در قلمرو بلخ (برقراری یک ارتباط میان شاهان اساطیری پارس، شواهد باستان‌شناسی فرهنگ یاز و محتوای متون آشوری)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

سورنا فیروزی ¹

رضا مهرآفرین ²

سیدرسول موسوی حاجی ²

¹ دانشجوی دکتری، گروه باستان‌شناسی دورۀ تاریخی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران

² استاد، گروه باستان‌شناسی، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه مازندران، ایران

10.22034/jgk.2023.342276.1051

چکیده

پیرو وارسی نبشته‌های میان‌رودانی، شلمانسر (شلمنصر) سوم در نیمۀ دوم سدۀ نهم پیش از میلاد، برای نخستین‌بار به حضور سیاسی نیاکان مردمان پارسی با عنوان «اتحادیه‌ای از بیست و هفت شهریار پَرسواَ» اشاره داشته است. از سویی، در تاریخ اساطیری ایران، با فهرستی از شاهان ناشناخته به نام دودمان شاهان پارس روبرو هستیم که از نظر گاه‌نگاری برآمده از اطلاعات همان متون، نه مرتبط با منطقۀ زاگرس جنوبی (فارس)، بلکه می‌بایست متعلق به روزگار پیش از مهاجرت اهالی سرزمین پَرسواَ در زاگرس مرکزی به جنوب باشند. از سوی دیگر، مطابق با محتوای بخشی از تاریخ اسطوره‌ای-حماسی ایران، کی‌خسرو، پسر سیاوش و نوۀ کاووس و فرمانروای بلخ، وارث تاج‌وتخت خود را نه یکی از فرزندان خود، بلکه لهراسپ پسر زاب، فرزند شاه وقت و اساطیری پارس تعیین کرد. این‌که چرا در داستان‌های اساطیری و نام‌نامه‌های شاهان سنتی تاریخ ایران، چنین مسئله‌ای رخ داده است، متون مرتبط پاسخی به آن نداده‌اند. مبنی بر یافته‌های پژوهش حاضر، اولاً می‌توان از دریچه باستان‌شناسی، میان بخشی از اطلاعات اسطوره‌ای تاریخ ایران و داده‌های باستان‌شناختی فرهنگ یاز در سرزمین‌های شرقی‎تر ارتباطی معنی‌دار برقرار کرد و بر پایۀ آن، بین کیستی شاهان اساطیری پارس و داده‌های متون نوآشوری یک همخوانی ارائه داد. این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در پی آفندی سهمگین از سوی آشوریان، یک گریز در خانوادۀ سلطنتی پَرسواَ به‌سوی گسترۀ شرقی بلخ صورت گرفته و موجب دورۀ جدیدی در تاریخ اساطیری ایران شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

باستان‌شناسی اساطیر، پَرسواَ، بلخ، فرهنگ یاز، لهراسپ

موضوعات

جغرافیای تاریخی، فرهنگ، اجتماع، تاریخ و تمدن خراسان بزرگ

عنوان مقاله English

Prince of Parsua in the territory of Bactra; a relation among the mythical Persian kings, archaeological evidence of Yaz culture and the content of Assyrian incriptions

نویسندگان English

Sorena Firouzi ¹

Reza Mehrafarin ²

Seyed Rasool Mousavihaji ²

¹ PhD Student, Department of Historical Period Archaeology, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Iran

² b) Professor, Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Art and Architecture, University of Mazandaran, Iran

چکیده English

Following an examination of Mesopotamian inscriptions, Shalmaneser III, in the second half of the 9th century BC, for the first time refers to the political presence of the ancestors of the Persian people as a "coalition of twenty-seven kings of Parsua." On the one hand, in Iranian mythological history, we encounter a list of unknown kings referred to as the dynasty of the Kings of Persia, who, based on chronological data from those same texts, are not associated with the southern Zagros region (Fars) but must belong to the era before the migration of the people of Parsua from the central Zagros to the south. On the other hand, according to part of Iran's mytho-epic history, Kay Khosrow, son of Siyâvash and grandson of Kay Kāvus, and the ruler of Balkh, designated his heir not as one of his own children, but as Lohrâsp, son of Zâv, who was the son of the then-current and mythical king of Persia. The related texts provide no answer as to why this occurred in the mythological stories and traditional king-lists of Iranian history. Based on the findings of the present research, firstly, a meaningful connection can be established archaeologically between part of the mythological information in Iranian history and the archaeological data of the Yaz Culture in the eastern lands; and based on this, a correlation can be proposed between the identity of the mythical Persian kings and the data from Neo-Assyrian texts. This research demonstrates that following a severe assault by the Assyrians, a flight of the Parsua royal family towards the eastern expanse of Balkh took place, which led to a new period in Iranian mythological history.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Archaeology of Myths, Parsua, Balkh, Yaz Culture, Lohrâ

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