پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

بررسی نقش ایلخانان شمال خراسان در ناامنی مرزهای شمال شرق دردوره قاجار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
عبدالله رحمت 1
عباس سرافرازی 2
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه تاریخ، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران
2 دانشیار، گروه تاریخ، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
10.22034/jgk.2025.410408.1143
چکیده
بررسی کارکرد مرزداری و نقش حکام محلی شمال خراسان در ناامنی‌ مرزهای شمال شرق از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار است. این پژوهش می‌کوشد با روش توصیفی-تحلیلی و بر مبنای منابع تاریخی، به این پرسش پاسخ دهد که چرا با وجود حکومت‌های مرزداری شمال خراسان، امنیت در این حدود برقرار نبود؟ فرضیه پژوهش آن است که سیاست‌های حکام محلی در ایجاد ناامنی اثرگذار بود. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد ادارۀ سرحد با حکام مستقل در کارکرد متعارف مرز دشواری‌هایی پدید می‌آورد و موجد ناامنی می­شد، زیرا قطع حملات برای حکام محلی به مفهوم قطع درآمد مربوط به آن و امتیازاتی بود که دولت در قبال مرزداری به آنان اعطا کرده بود. حکام محلی، یکی از محرک‌های تاخت‌وتازها و از موانع تابعیت ترکمن‌ها بودند. وجود سه قدرت موازی و رقیب که با تحریک ترکمن سعی در تضعیف یکدیگر داشتند، به ترک‌تازی‌ها بیشتر میدان می‌داد. تاخت‌وتاز متقابل حکام محلی و سوءرفتار با ترکمن‌ها نیز در روند گسترش غارتگری نقش تشدیدکننده داشت. نتایج نشان می‌دهد موانع و معضلات در راه امنیت، ناشی از شیوه مرزداری دولت قاجار بوده است. ساختار ملوک طوایفی سرحد و قدرت استقلال حکام محلی، مانع از اعمال قدرت و نظارت مرکز بر فعالیت آنان می‌شد. ضعف دولت و فقدان نظارت، زمینۀ تخطی از مرز، نادیده گرفتن تصمیمات دولتی، سوءاستفاده از موقعیت، تبانی و تعامل را فراهم می‌کرد. درمجموع، عملکرد مرزبانان تأثیر قاطعی در نفوذپذیری مرز ترکمن داشت و سعی دولت برای اصلاح نیز قرین توفیق نبود و ایران، تنها با ورود روسیه توانست پس از سال‌ها حکام محلی را تحت نظارت درآورد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
حکام محلی
ترکمن
شمال خراسان
مرزهای شمال شرق

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The role of the Ilkhans of Khorasan in the insecurity of the northeastern borders of Iran during the Qajar period

نویسندگان English

Abdullah Rahmat 1
Abbas Sarafrazi 2
1 PhD student, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University, Mashhad, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of History, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Examining the function of border administration and the role of local rulers in northern Khorasan concerning the insecurity of the northeastern borders is of great importance. This research seeks to answer, using a descriptive-analytical method and based on historical sources, the following question: Why was security not established in these regions despite the existence of border administrations in northern Khorasan? The research hypothesis is that the policies of local rulers were effective in creating insecurity. The findings indicate that entrusting border administration to independent rulers created difficulties in the conventional functioning of the border and generated insecurity. This was because putting a stop to raids meant, for the local rulers, cutting off the related income and the privileges that the government had granted them in return for border guarding. The local rulers were one of the instigators of raids and an obstacle to the submission of the Turkmens. The existence of three parallel and rival powers, who tried to weaken each other by inciting the Turkmens, gave more leeway to the raids. The counter-raids by local rulers and their mistreatment of the Turkmens also played an intensifying role in the spread of plundering. The results show that the obstacles and problems on the path to security stemmed from the Qajar government's method of border administration. The feudal structure of the frontier and the independent power of the local rulers prevented the center from exerting power and oversight over their activities. The weakness of the state and the lack of supervision provided the grounds for border violations, disregard for government decisions, abuse of position, collusion, and interaction. Overall, the performance of the border guards had a decisive impact on the permeability of the Turkmen border, and the government's attempts at reform were unsuccessful. It was only with the involvement of Russia that Iran was finally able, after many years, to bring the local rulers under control.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

local governors
Turkmen
North Khorasan
northeastern borders
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  • تاریخ دریافت 15 مرداد 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 14 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 22 مرداد 1404