· Aalto, pentti(1977), The name of Tashkent, in Central Asiatic Journal, Vol. 21,No. ¾, pp. 193-198.
· Abazov, Rafis(2008), The palgrave concise historical atlas of central Asia, New York: palgrave macmillan.
· Abu al-Fida (1970). Taqvim al-Buldan, translated by Abd al-Mohammad Aiti. Tehran: Iran Cultural Foundation.
· Ahmadian Shalchi, Nasrin (1999). Diyar Ashna, Mashhad: Islamic Research Foundation.
· Ayn al-Saltanah, Qahraman Mirza Salur (1995). Diary of the Memories of Ayn al-Saltaneh, edited by Masoud Salur and Iraj Afshar. Theran: Asatir.
· Bartold Vasily Vladimirovich (1973). Turkestan Namah, translated by Karim Keshavarz. Tehran: Iran Cultural Foundation.
· Bartold, Vasily (1996). The Role of the Regions around the Caspian Sea in Islamic World History, translated by Leila Rabn-Shah. Tehran: Human Sciences Research Institute.
· Bartold, Vasily, and Bosworth, K. E. (2002). Tashkent, Encyclopedia of Islam, No. 6, pp. 274-271.
· Benigsan، Alexander and Mary Braxap (1997). Central Asia during the Imperial and Soviet Rule, translated by Kaveh Biyat. Tehran: No Publisher.
· Bosworth, Edmund Clifford (2002). New Islamic Dynasties: A Guide to Chronology and Genealogy, translated by Fereydoun Badraei. Tehran: Center for Islamic and Iranian Archaeology.
· Bret Schneider، Emiliivasil'esvich (2002). Iran and Transoxiana in Chinese and Mongolian Writings of the Middle Ages: A Historical and Geographical Study, translated and researched by Dr. Hashem Rajabzadeh. Tehran: Dr. Mahmoud Afshar Foundation
· Clavijo, Gonzales (2005). The Travelogue of Clavijo. Tehran: Scientific-Cultural Publishing Company.
· Curzon, George Nathaniel (2001). Iran va ghazieye Iran, translated by Gholam Ali Vahid Mazandani. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
· Dughlat, Mirza Mohammad Haydar (2004). Tarikh Rashidi, edited by Abbas Qoli Ghafari Fard. Tehran: Written Heritage
· Ferdowsi, Abu al-Qasim (2008). Shahnameh, edited by Fereydoon Joneydi, Vol. 2. Tehran: Balkh.
· Foroozani, Seyed Abol Ghasem (2014). History of Political, Social, Economic, and Cultural Changes in Iran during the Samanid Period, 8th ed. Tehran: Samt.
· Foroozani, Seyed Abol Ghasem (2002). Simjurians, Tehran: Il Shahsavan Baghdadi.
· Frye, Richard N. (1984). The Golden Age of Iranian Culture, translated by Masoud Rajabnia. Theran: Soroush.
· Frye, Richard N. (1986). Bukhara: A Medieval Achievement, translated by Mahmoud Mahmoudi. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
· Frye, Richard Nelson (2007). The Heritage of Central Asia, translated by Owans Owansiann. Tehran: Foundation of Dr Mahmoud Afshar Endowments.
· Gibb, H. A. R. (1958). The Arab Conquests in Central Asia, translated by Hossein Ahmadipour. Tabriz: Akhtar-e Shomal.
· Golden, peter B. (2011), Central Asia in world history, Oxford: University press.
· Grantovsky et al. (1982). History of Iran from Ancient Times to the Present, translated by Kaykhosrow Keshavarz. Tehran: Pouyesh.
· Grousset, René (2000). The Empire of the Steppes a History of Central Asia. translated by Abdol Hossein Mikadeh. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
· Hafiz-i Abru, Abdullah ibn Lotfollah (2001). Zubdat al-Tawarikh, Hafez Abrou, edited by Seyyed Kamal Hajj Seyyed Javadi. Tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance Printing and Publishing Organization.
· Hedayat, Rezā Quli Khan (1994). Fahrest al-Tawarikh, edited by Abdol Hossein Nawai and Mir Hashim Mohaddis. Tehran: Humanities Research Institute and Cultural Studies.
· Hudud al-Alam (2004). Translated by Mir Hossein Shah. Tehran: Al-Zahra University.
· Ibn al-Faqih (1970). Mukhtasar al-Buldan, translated by H. Masoud. Tehran: Iran Cultural Foundation.
· Ibn Athir Jazari (1992). Tarikh-e Kamel-e Bozorg-e Islam va Iran, translated by Abbas Khaleeli, Abolqasem Halat. Tehran: Scientific Press Institute.
· Ibn Hawqal (1966). Surat al-Arz, translated by Jafar Shoar. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
· Ibn Khordadbeh (1992). Masalik wal Mamalik, translated by Saeed Khakrand. Tehran: Heritage of Nations Historical Studies and Publications Institute
· Ibn Rustah, Ahmad ibn Omar (1986). Al-A'laq al-Nafisa, translated by Hossein Gharehchanlou. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
· Idrisi, Muhammad ibn Muhammad (2028). Nuzhat al-Mushtaq fi Ikhtiraq al-Afaq, Vol. 2. Beirut: Alam al-Kutub.
· Kar, A. H. (1992). History of Soviet Russia (Bolshevik Revolution 1917-1923), translated by Najaf Daryabandari. Tehran: No Publisher.
· Kashmiri, Mohammad (1971). "A Few Studies on the Inscriptions of the Achaemenid Kings", Historical Studies Journal, Special Issue, pp. 360-301.
· Khvandamir, Ghiyath al-Din ibn Hammam al-Din (2001). Tarikh Habib Ul-Seer, Tehran: Khyam.
· Kurt, Ameli (2000). The Achaemenids, translated by Morteza Saghebfar, 2nd ed. Tehran: Ghoghnoos.
· L estrange, Guy (1998). Historical Geography of the Eastern Caliphate Lands, translated by Mahmoud Erfan. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
· Lenczowski, George (1979). The Competition between Russia and the West in Iran, translated by Ismail Ra’in. Tehran: Javidan.
· Mackenzie, David (1974), The lion of Tashkend, Athens: University of Georgia press
· Maqdisi, Muhammad ibn Ahmad (1982). Ahsan al-Taqasīm fi Ma'rifat al-Qālim, translated by Ali Naqi Manzavi. Tehran: Iranian Authors and Translators Company.
· Marashi, Syed Zahiruddin (1966). Tarikh Tabarestan va Royan va Mazandaran, edited by Mohammad Hossein Tasbihī. Tehran: Chapgostar shargh.
· Marquart, Josef (undated). Ērāns̆ahr nach der Geographie des ps. Moses Xorenacci. Tehran: Tahoori.
· Melvin, Neil, J. (2000), Uzbekistan: transition to authoritarianism on the Silk Road. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers.
· Mobarak, Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak,(2006). Akbar Nameh: History of the Gorkanians of India, edited by Gholam Reza Tabatabai Majd. Tehran: Society for the National Heritage of Iran
· Moser, Henry (1978). Travelogue of Turkestan and Iran, translated by Syed Mohammad Ali Jamalzadeh, Part 4, Negin Magazine, No. 162, pp. 51-47.
· Moser, Henry (1998). Travelogue of Turkestan and Iran (A Passage through Central Asia), translated by Ali Motarjem, edited by Mohammad Golban. Tehran: Sahar.
· Narshakhi, Abubakr Muhammad ibn Ja'far (1984). Tarikh Bukhara, edited by Mudarres Razavi. Tehran: Tus.
· Pashino (1993). Travelogue of Turkistan (Transoxiana), translated by Madros Davood Khanf, edited by Jamshid Kianfar. Tehran: Cultural Studies and Research.
· Pojal, Katherine (2002). History of Tashkent from 1865 to the Present, Encyclopedia of Islam, No. 6, pp. 277-274.
· Qatghan, Mohammad yar ibn Arab (2006). Makhraj al-Bilad, edited by Naderah Jalali. Tehran: Mirasmaktoob
· Qazvini, Zakariya ibn Muhammad (1994). Akhbar al-Bilad wa Akhbar al-Ibad. Tehran: Amir Kabir.
· Qudama ibn Ja’far (1991). Al-Kharaj, translated by Hossein Khadiou Jam. Tehran: Iran Cultural Foundation.
· Rywkin, Michael (1987). Moscow’s Government and the Issue of Muslims in Soviet Central Asia, translated by Mahmoud Ramazan Zadeh. Mashhad: No Publisher.
· Sahadeo, Jeff (2007), Russian Colonial Society in Tashkent, 1865- 1923. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Polis.
· Samarkandi, Kamal al-Din Abdal Razzaq (2004). Matla’ al-Sa’dayn and Majma’ al-Bahrain, edited by Abdol Hossein Nawai. Tehran: Humanities Research Institute and Cultural Studies.
· Sami, Ali (1969). "The Most Important and Largest Writings from the Sasanian Empire". Journal of Historical Studies, Year 4, No. 2 and 3, Khordad–Shahrivar, pp. 20-1.
· Sarli, Azar Mohammad (1985). Turkestan in History: A Look at Turkestan in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century. Theran: Amir Kabir.
· Shojaee Mehr, Hasan (2013). An Introduction to the Historical Geography of Fararud (in the Early Islamic Centuries). Tehran: Samt.
· Spuler, Bertold (1985). History of Iran in the Early Islamic Centuries, translated by Javad Flatouri. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
· Starr, S. Frederick (2015). Ferghana valley the Heart of Central Asia. Edited by S. Frederick Starr. London and NewYork: Routledge.
· Strabo (2003). Geography of Strabo, The Lands under the Rule of the Achaemenids, translated by Homayoun Sanati Zadeh. Tehran: Foundation of Dr. Mahmoud Afshar Endowments.
· Stronski, Paul (2010). Tashkent Forging a Soviet city 1930-1966. University of Pittsburgh Press.
· Sykes, Sir Percy (2001). Tarikhe Iran, translated by Mohammad Taghi Fakhr Da’I Gilani, Vol. 2. Tehran: Afsun.
· Tabari, Muhammad (1996). Tarikh al-Umam va al-Muluk. Tehran: Translation and Publishing Company.
· Tatavi, Ahmad (2003). Tarikh al-Fii, edited by Gholam Reza Tabatabai Majd. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
· Terenzio, Pio Carlo (1980). Russian and British Rivalry in Iran and Afghanistan, translated by Abbas Azarin. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural Publishing Company.
· Teshner, Franz and Ahmad, Maqbool (1996). A History of Geography in Islamic Civilization, translated by Mohammad Hassan Ganji and Abdolhossein Azarnag. Tehran: Islamic Encyclopedia Foundation.
· Vahid Qazvini, Mirza Mohammad Tahir (2004). Tarikh Jahānāray Abbasī. Tehran: Humanities Research Institute and Cultural Studies.
· Vámbéry, Ármin. (1964). Journey of a False Dervish in Central Asia, translated by Fath Ali Khajeh Nourian. Tehran: Scientific and Cultural.
Yaqubi, Ahmad (1968). Al-Buldan, translated by Mohammad Ebrahim Aiti. Tehran: Translation and Publishing Company
