پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

مالیات طوایف و عشایر قاینات در دوره قاجار و پهلوی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار، گروه تاریخ، دانشگاه بیرجند، ایران
چکیده
منطقه قاینات در دوره قاجار دارای طوایف و عشایر متعددی بود که نقش نظامی و اقتصادی قابل‌توجهی داشتند. این طوایف چندان پرجمعیت و بزرگ نبودند و تنها طایفه بهلولی با تیره‌­های متعددش در منطقه وسیعی از نهبندان تا باخزر پراکنده بود. طوایف قاینات همچون دیگر ساکنان منطقه مالیات­های متعددی می­پرداختند. میزان این مالیات­ها، شیوه تعیین و گردآوری آن‌ها از نکات حائز اهمیت است که تاکنون درباره آن‌ها پژوهشی صورت نگرفته است. بنابراین، در پژوهش حاضر تلاش شده با تکیه‌بر منابع و اسناد مرکز اسناد آستان قدس رضوی و سازمان اسناد ملی و مطالعه کتابخانه­ای و روش توصیفی-تحلیلی به پرسش­هایی درباره انواع مالیات­های طوایف قاینات، شیوه تعیین آن و مشکلات وصول هر یک از آن‌ها را موردمطالعه قرار دهد. این پژوهش نشان داد میزان مالیات طوایف قاینات متناسب با جمعیت­ آن‌ها متفاوت بود و طایفه بهلولی مالیات بیشتری می­پرداخت. برخی از طوایف نظیر بنی­اسدی، معاف از پرداخت مالیات بودند و مالیات­ها به دو شیوه مستقیم و یا مقاطعه جمع­آوری می­شد. علاوه بر اسامی رایج در دیگر نقاط ایران، در قاینات مالیات­هایی به نام دسته­بیلی و استخوان­پولی گرفته می­شد. مهم‌ترین مشکل طوایف قاینات خشکسالی و غارت احشام توسط بلوچ­ها و افغان­ها بود که آنان ناتوان از پرداخت مالیات و مجبور به فرار می­شدند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Taxation of Tribes and Clans in Qaenat during the Qajar and Pahlavi Periods

نویسنده English

Ali Najafzadeh
Assistant Professor, Department of History, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran.
چکیده English

During the Qajar period, the region of Qainat had various tribes and nomadic groups that played significant military and economic roles. These tribes were not very populous or large, with the only prominent tribe being the Bahluli tribe scattered across a vast area from Nehbandan to Bakhtiar. Like other residents of the region, the tribes of Qainat paid multiple taxes. The amount of these taxes, the method of determination, and collection have not been researched yet. Therefore, in this current study, an attempt has been made to investigate various taxes of the Qainat tribes, their determination methods, and the problems of collecting each of them based on sources and documents from the Astan Quds Razavi Archives, the National Documents Organization, and library studies using a descriptive-analytical method. This research showed that the amount of taxes paid by the Qainat tribes varied according to their population, with the Bahluli tribe paying the most taxes. Some tribes, such as the Bani Asadi, were exempt from paying taxes, and taxes were collected either directly or through intermediaries. In addition to common tax names in other parts of Iran, in Qainat, taxes called Dasteh-Bili and Astkhane-Puli were collected. The most significant issue for the Qainat tribes was drought and plundering by the Baluchis and Afghans, which made them unable to pay taxes and forced them to flee.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

: clans
Qayenat
. Sargaleh
tax
household
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  • تاریخ دریافت 25 تیر 1402
  • تاریخ بازنگری 20 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 24 مرداد 1403