The primary objective of this study is to examine and identify the underlying causes and conditions of these crises. This research is based on Lucien Pye’s theory of political underdevelopment and employs a descriptive-analytical method to analyze the available data. findings of the study indicate that the national identity crisis, legitimacy crisis, participation crisis, influence crisis, integration crisis, and accumulation crisis have been the most significant structural crises in Afghanistan’s contemporary governments. Historical data suggests that the national identity crisis, stemming from ethnic, religious, and linguistic diversity, the failure of governments to establish a shared national identity, and distorted historical narratives, has become a major barrier to social cohesion, leading to political instability. Furthermore, the legitimacy crisis, arising from governments’ inability to provide security, widespread corruption, unequal distribution of power, and dependence on foreign forces, has diminished public trust in the government, exacerbating the participation crisis. The participation crisis is also a result of ethnic exclusivism and weak democratic institutions, leading to reduced involvement of ethnic groups in major national decision-making processes. Moreover, the influence crisis stems from the government’s inability to extend its authority over all regions of the country and the structural challenges posed by ethnic and tribal autonomies, preventing the exercise of national sovereignty. These factors have contributed to the integration crisis, which is rooted in ethnic, religious, and linguistic conflicts, preventing Afghan governments from fostering national unity and creating a stable system. All of these crises have culminated in the accumulation crisis, hindering development and stability.