پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

تحلیل تحولات ساختار کالبدی سازمان فضایی کلانشهرهای ایران در نیم قرن اخیر؛ مطالعه موردی مشهد (1405- 1355)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 برنامه ریزی شهری دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا(ع)، مشهد. ایران
2 عضو هیئت علمی گروه شهرسازی و معماری دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام رضا(ع)
چکیده
پژوهش حاضر با هدف تحلیل روند تحولات ساختار کالبدی در سازمان فضایی کلان‌شهر مشهد طی سالهای 1355 تا 1405 انجام شده است. علی‌رغم اهمیت و ضرورت کشف پویایی‌ها در ساختار کالبدی این کلانشهر مهم در شمال شرق ایران، تاکنون ارزیابی چندبعدی و فضایی از تحولات کالبدی با بهره‌گیری از شاخص‌های کمی و مدل‌های فضایی در یک بازه بلندمدت در این شهر، کمتر مورد توجه محققان قرار گرفته است. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه، از نوع توصیفی-تحلیلی است. پس از جمع آوری داده‌ها و اطلاعات مورد نیاز (داده‌های مکانی سرشماری بلوک‌های شهری و نقشه‌های مصوب طرح‌های جامع) ارزیابی چندبعدی از نحوه دگرگونی‌های فرم کالبدی و سنجش پراکنده‌رویی شهری طی یک بازه زمانی ۵۰ ساله (مشتمل بر مقاطع سرشماری 1355، ۱۳۶۵، ۱۳۷۵، ۱۳۸۵، ۱۳۹۵ و افق طرح در سال ۱۴۰۵) با انتخاب «بلوک‌های شهری» به عنوان واحد تحلیل انجام گردید. چارچوب ارزیابی هشت‌گانه گالستر با بهره‌گیری از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی (GIS) به عنوان ابزار پردازش لایه‌ها و مدل‌سازی فضایی مبنا قرار گرفت. همچنین در این تحقیق سه تکنیک مدل بیضی جهت‌دار؛ شاخص خودهمبستگی فضایی موران و مدل آنتروپی شانون نیز استفاده گردید. یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد شاخص آنتروپی شانون برای شهر مشهد در بازه مطالعاتی همواره فراتر از عدد ۷/۵ (نسبت به حداکثر لگاریتم طبیعی ۱۰) در نوسان بوده؛ به‌گونه‌ای که در یک بازه پنجاه ساله شاخص فوق از ۸/۴ به قله ۸/۸، و سپس به 1/8 افزایش داشته است. نشان میدهد طی نیم قرن اخیر ساختار کالبدی سازمان فضایی کلانشهر مشهد، متأثر از الگوی توسعه فضایی مبتنی بر «پراکنده‌رویی» و «ازهم‌گسیختگی»، چهار دوره متفاوت از تحولات کالبدی یعنی «آغاز عصر انفجار کالبدی»، «دوره تدوام رشد لجام گسیخته خزش شهری و تمرکززدایی از هسته سنتی»، «دوره کنترل محدود در توسعه افقی و تراکم‌گرایی» و در نهایت «ظهور کلانشهرچندکانونی» را در سازمان فضایی خود تجربه کرده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An Analysis of Transformations in the Physical Structure of the Spatial Organization of Iranian Metropolises: The Case Study of Mashhad (1976–2026)

نویسندگان English

Sajjad Mohammadi 1
Ghadir Siami 2
1 Urban Planning, Imam Reza International University. Mashhad. Iran
2 Faculty member, Department of Urban Planning and Architecture, Imam Reza (AS) International University
چکیده English

The present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the transformations in the physical structure of the spatial organization of the Mashhad metropolis during the years 1976 to 2026. Despite the importance and necessity of understanding the dynamics of the physical structure of this major metropolis in northeastern Iran, a multidimensional and spatial assessment of physical transformations using quantitative indicators and spatial models over a long-term period has received limited scholarly attention. This research employs a descriptive-analytical method. Following the collection of the required data and information (spatial census data of urban blocks and approved master plan maps), a multidimensional assessment of the transformations in physical form and the measurement of urban sprawl over a 50-year period (encompassing the census years 1976, 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016, and the plan horizon of 2026) was conducted using "urban blocks" as the unit of analysis. Galster's eight-dimensional framework was adopted as the basis for assessment, utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as a tool for layer processing and spatial modeling. Additionally, three techniques were employed in this study: the standard deviational ellipse model; Moran's Index of spatial autocorrelation; and Shannon's entropy model. The findings indicate that Shannon's entropy index for the city of Mashhad consistently fluctuated above 7.5 (relative to the maximum natural logarithm of 10) throughout the study period. Over the fifty-year period, the index rose from 8.4 to a peak of 8.8, and subsequently increased to 8.1. The results "It shows that over the past half-century, the physical structure of the spatial organization of the metropolis of Mashhad, influenced by the spatial development pattern based on 'sprawl' and 'fragmentation,' has gone through four distinct periods of physical transformation: 'physical explosion,' 'the era of decentralization from the traditional core,' 'the period of controlled horizontal development and densification,' and 'the emergence of the polycentric metropolis.'

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Spatial organization
Physical structure
Urban sprawl
Mashhad metropolis
Shannon's entropy
Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
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  • تاریخ دریافت 22 دی 1404
  • تاریخ بازنگری 25 بهمن 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 12 اردیبهشت 1405