پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

پژوهشنامه خراسان بزرگ

واکاوی تجربه‌زیسته مهاجران افغانستانی از مهاجرت غیرقانونی در ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه یزد، ایران
2 دانشیار جامعه‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی کابل، افغانستان
3 دانشیار روابط عمومی، دانشکده ژورنالیزم و ارتباطات جمعی، بلخ، افغانستان
چکیده
مهاجرت غیرقانونی افغانستانی­ها به ایران، یکی از مهم­ترین چالش­های ملی در ایران، در عین­حال یکی از مسائل چالش­زا در روابط میان دو کشور ایران و افغانستان، و هم­چنین به­عنوان زمینه­ی آسیب­زا برای این مهاجران تلقی می­شود. از این جهت هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر، واکاوی چالش­های فراروی مهاجران غیرقانونی در یک فرایند اجتماعی است. این تحقیق با رویکرد گرانددتئوری، و با مصاحبه­های نیمه­ساختاریافته با مهاجران افغانستانی در شهر تهران انجام شده است. 23 تن از آنان با روش نمونه­گیری هدف­مند تا رسیدن به اشباع­نظری انتخاب شدند. تحلیل و تجزیه اطلاعات با روش کدگذاری سه­مرحله­ای (باز، محوری و گزینشی) انجام گردید و به تعداد (180) مفهوم، (25) مقوله فرعی، و در نهایت از ارتباط مقولات فرعی (5) مقوله هسته چنین استحصال شدند: تنگناهای تحمیلی، کنش قانون­ستیزانه، و تجربه پرمخاطره (به­عنوان شرایط)، محرومیت چندبعدی (به­عنوان پیامدها)، انطباق­پذیری (به­عنوان استراتژی­ها) و در نهایت، زندگی در سایه (به­عنوان پدیده­ی مرکزی). نتیجه­گیری کلی این تحقیق نشان می‌دهد که مهاجران غیرقانونی افغانستانی در تهران با چالش‌های چندبعدی و پرمخاطره مواجه‌اند که زندگی آنها را به حاشیه می‌راند. برای کاهش این چالش‌ها، لازم است سیاست‌های کارآمدتری برای مدیریت قانونی مهاجرت، مسدودسازی مسیرهای غیرقانونی، و مقابله با باندهای قاچاق اجرا شود. همچنین بهبود شرایط زندگی مهاجران، قانونی­سازی آنان و فراهم کردن فرصت‌های انطباق می‌تواند به کاهش آسیب‌های اجتماعی نیز کمک کند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

An Analysis of the Lived Experience of Afghan Migrants of Illegal Migration in Iran

نویسندگان English

Zabihullah Osmani 1
Gulabshah Amani 2
Abdul Hamid Safwat 3
1 Master of Sociology, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran & Corresponding Authors
2 PhD in Sociology, and Associate Professor of Sociology, Kabul University, Kabul, Afghanistan
3 Associate Professor, Department of Public Relations, Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, Balkh University, Balkh, Afghanistan
چکیده English

Illegal migration of Afghan nationals to Iran represents one of the most significant national challenges for Iran. It also serves as a contentious issue in the relationship between Iran and Afghanistan, while simultaneously exposing these migrants to various vulnerabilities. The primary objective of this study is to examine the challenges faced by undocumented Afghan migrants within a social process framework. Using a grounded theory approach, this research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with Afghan migrants residing in Tehran. A total of 21 participants were selected via purposive sampling until theoretical saturation was reached. Data analysis was performed using a three-step coding process (open, axial, and selective coding), resulting in the identification of 180 concepts, 25 subcategories, and, ultimately, 5 core categories derived from the relationships between subcategories: imposed constraints, unlawful actions, and high-risk experiences (as conditions); multidimensional deprivation (as consequences); adaptability (as strategies); and life in the shadows (as the central phenomenon). The overall findings of this research indicate that undocumented Afghan migrants in Tehran face multifaceted and high-risk challenges, pushing their lives to the margins of society. To mitigate these challenges, effective policies are required to manage legal migration, block illegal migration routes, and combat trafficking networks. Additionally, improving living conditions, regularizing the status of migrants, and providing opportunities for adaptation can contribute to reducing social harm.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

exploitation
challenges
consequences
survival strategies
undocumented migrants
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  • تاریخ دریافت 19 آذر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 12 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 19 بهمن 1404