Historical axes of the city, the emergence of collective memories, and the presence of citizens in the public domain of the city are important. These spaces should have the right conditions for individuals to connect mental images with the identity of the place along with meaningful events. The mental image of historical axes is a cognitive or mental map that an individual has of a specific axis with historical buildings. In this study, the concept of mental visualization was used as a quasi-perceptual experience, and this issue is due to the formation of mental images of historical axes from the perspective of biological experientialism. In recent years, due to changes in lifestyle, the mental representation of many historical spaces in individuals' minds has decreased significantly and in some cases, it seems to have been forgotten. The aim of this study is to assess and evaluate citizens' mental image of historical axes in the streets of Arg in the city of Mashhad. The present research method is a combination of qualitative-quantitative and applied research, and a descriptive-analytical method was used in its formulation. Data collection was done through documentary and field methods (using questionnaires). The research population was determined to be 384 individuals using the Cochran formula. Statistical methods such as T-test and multiple regression were used in data analysis. Based on the analysis, the criteria of mental value and psychological well-being have an appropriate and significant impact on the mental image of the Arg axis, while identity and sense of belonging have the least impact, which is considered a fundamental weakness. Additionally, in examining the evolution trend, the mental image indicates that many functional signs of the street such as the National Garden, Genet Pedestrian Street, Arg Bookstore, etc., have undergone mental fatigue over time, and some important signs of the domain have been completely removed from people's minds.